Ascension Island, a small volcanic island located in the South Atlantic Ocean, is often overlooked in favor of more popular destinations. Yet, this remote locale boasts a rich history, stunning landscapes, and a unique biodiversity that make it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking adventure and tranquility. In this blog post, we will delve into the island’s history, geography, wildlife, and opportunities for exploration, providing a comprehensive guide for anyone interested in this hidden gem.
A Brief History
Ascension Island was discovered in 1501 by Portuguese navigator Afonso de Albuquerque, but it remained uninhabited for centuries. It was only in 1815 that the British officially claimed the island. The British utilized Ascension as a strategic naval base during the Napoleonic Wars, and its importance grew with the expansion of the British Empire.
During World War II, the island became a crucial military base for the Allies, serving as a launch point for operations in Africa and South America. The construction of airstrips and facilities transformed Ascension into a vital hub. After the war, the island continued to play a strategic role during the Cold War, housing radar installations and support for space missions.
Today, Ascension is a British Overseas Territory, known for its remote beauty and rich wildlife. Its small population primarily consists of military personnel and government workers, along with a few civilians.
Geography and Climate
Ascension Island covers an area of approximately 88 square kilometers (34 square miles) and is characterized by its rugged volcanic terrain. The island’s highest point, Green Mountain, reaches 859 meters (2,818 feet) and is often shrouded in mist, creating a lush microclimate that contrasts sharply with the arid lowlands.
The island’s landscape features black volcanic rock, sandy beaches, and steep cliffs. Its coastline is dotted with small coves and bays, offering stunning views of the ocean. The waters surrounding Ascension are rich in marine life, making them a hotspot for diving and fishing.
Ascension Island has a tropical climate, with temperatures typically ranging from 21°C to 30°C (70°F to 86°F). The dry season lasts from May to October, while the rainy season occurs between November and April, bringing occasional downpours. Despite its remote location, the island enjoys a stable climate, making it accessible year-round.
Biodiversity
One of Ascension Island’s most remarkable features is its unique biodiversity. The island is home to several endemic species, meaning they are found nowhere else in the world. The isolation of the island has allowed for the evolution of distinct flora and fauna, which continue to thrive despite various environmental challenges.
Flora
The island’s vegetation varies significantly depending on the altitude. The lower slopes are characterized by hardy plants adapted to the arid conditions, including cacti and low shrubs. As you ascend to Green Mountain, the flora transitions to lush, dense forests filled with ferns, shrubs, and trees like the endemic “Mimosa” and “Craterosicyos.”
The unique ecosystem has attracted conservation efforts, with initiatives aimed at preserving the island’s native plants and habitats. Restoration projects have focused on eradicating invasive species that threaten the delicate balance of Ascension’s ecosystems.
Fauna
Ascension Island is a paradise for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts. The island serves as a breeding ground for several seabird species, including the Ascension frigatebird, the masked booby, and the brown noddy. The birds can be observed nesting on the cliffs and rocky outcrops, providing an opportunity for photography and observation.
The island is also home to several endemic reptiles, such as the Ascension Island skink and the Ascension Island giant tortoise. The latter, once on the brink of extinction, has seen successful conservation efforts, with populations gradually increasing.
Marine life around Ascension is equally impressive. The surrounding waters are teeming with fish, sea turtles, and dolphins, making it a popular destination for snorkeling and diving. The island is part of the Atlantic Ocean’s “Green Turtle Highway,” where these majestic creatures come to nest on the sandy beaches.
Activities and Exploration
Ascension Island offers a variety of activities for adventurous travelers, ranging from hiking and birdwatching to snorkeling and fishing. Here are some of the top activities to consider:
Hiking
With its dramatic landscapes and diverse ecosystems, Ascension Island is a hiker’s paradise. Trails vary in difficulty, catering to both novice and experienced hikers. Popular hikes include:
Green Mountain Trail: This challenging hike takes you to the island’s highest point, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. The lush vegetation along the trail provides a stark contrast to the arid lowlands.
Cross Hill Trail: A moderate hike that leads to the summit of Cross Hill, where visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the island and the ocean.
Duke of York’s Hill Trail: This easier trail offers a more leisurely hike through diverse habitats and is suitable for families and those seeking a gentler experience.
Birdwatching
Birdwatching on Ascension Island is a rewarding experience. The island’s unique avian population attracts bird enthusiasts from around the world. Guided birdwatching tours are available, allowing visitors to observe nesting seabirds and learn about their behaviors and habitats.
Snorkeling and Diving
The crystal-clear waters surrounding Ascension Island provide excellent opportunities for snorkeling and diving. The marine environment is rich in biodiversity, with vibrant coral reefs and an abundance of fish species. Dive shops offer guided tours, equipment rentals, and training courses for beginners.
Fishing
Fishing is a popular activity on Ascension Island, with both shore and boat fishing options available. The waters are home to various fish species, including tuna, dorado, and marlin. Sport fishing enthusiasts can join local charters for an unforgettable day on the water.
Stargazing
Ascension Island’s remote location and minimal light pollution make it an excellent destination for stargazing. The clear skies provide breathtaking views of constellations, planets, and even the Milky Way. For those passionate about astronomy, this is an unparalleled opportunity to observe celestial wonders.
Getting There and Staying on Ascension Island
Reaching Ascension Island requires some planning, as it is relatively isolated. The island has a small airstrip, and flights are typically available from the UK or St. Helena. British Airways operates flights to Ascension Island, with limited schedules.
Accommodations on the island are modest, catering primarily to military personnel and government workers. There are a few guesthouses and self-catering options available for tourists, but it’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.
Practical Tips for Visiting
Travel Documentation: Since Ascension Island is a British Overseas Territory, ensure you have the necessary documentation for entry. This may include a visa depending on your nationality and purpose of visit.
Currency: The local currency is the Saint Helena pound, which is pegged to the British pound. It’s advisable to carry some cash, as credit card facilities may be limited.
Weather Considerations: Pack appropriate clothing for varying climates. Lightweight clothing for the warm days, along with warmer layers for cooler evenings and hikes, is recommended.
Respect the Environment: Ascension Island’s ecosystems are fragile, so it’s crucial to follow guidelines for responsible tourism. Stay on marked trails, avoid disturbing wildlife, and adhere to conservation practices.
Stay Connected: While Ascension Island has internet access, it may be slower than what you are used to. Prepare for limited connectivity, especially in remote areas.
Conclusion
Ascension Island may be off the beaten path, but it is undoubtedly a destination worth exploring. With its rich history, unique biodiversity, and breathtaking landscapes, the island offers a blend of adventure and tranquility. Whether you’re hiking to the top of Green Mountain, snorkeling in its vibrant waters, or simply soaking in the stunning sunsets, Ascension Island promises an unforgettable experience.
For travelers seeking a truly unique getaway, this remote gem in the Atlantic is waiting to be discovered. Embrace the adventure, connect with nature, and take home memories that will last a lifetime.
